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Adam's Articles in Medicine

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Medicines and Drugs Used in Amoebiasis Amoebiasis is a worldwide disease, particularly common in tropical countries and places where public hygiene and sanitation are poor. Amoebic infection is caused by an organism, Entamoeba histolytica (EH) which usually spreads through contaminated food and water. Drugs and Medicines to Treat High Blood Pressure All the tissues and organs of the body need nourishment in the form of oxygen, glucose, and minerals for their normal functioning. This nourishment is carried by the blood to various sites through the blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart. With each contraction of the heart, blood is pushed into the arteries. Antibiotics Medicines and Antifungal Drugs Selection of Antibiotics: Before selecting an antibiotic, the presence of infection must be establishment as also the indispensability of the use of an antibiotic. To employ an antibiotic in case of just any fever is not justified. Once it is certain that an antibiotic must be used, the choice of antibiotic becomes cirtical. Treatment and Drugs For Constipation If a person suffering from constipation has been taking purgatives, these should be stopped gradually. The system will probably return to normal by taking enough soups, vegetables, and fruits. However, a worrying type individual may need to take mild laxatives as a temporary measure. Epileptic Disorders Medicines and Drugs This drug belongs to the category of iminostilbenes and is used in the treatment of psychomotor and grand mal epilepsy. Nowadays it is considered as the drug of first choice for grand-mal epilepsy. It provides partial or complete relief to at least 65% of the patients. Diabetes Medicines and Drugs These drugs decrease the intestinal absorption of carbohydrates, promote their oxidation in the tissues, and also reduce conversion of fats and proteins into glucose in the liver. They reduce elevated blood glucose levels only and do not produce hypoglycemia (fall in blood glucvose levels below normal). Malaria Medicines and Drugs Precautions. It should not be used in patients with a history of epilepsy or any psychiatric disorder. It should not be used in children below two years. Avoid its use with quinine, quinidine or any other drugs which may cause disturbance of heart beat before or after mefloquine. It should not be used during pregnancy. Driving or operating any machinery should be avoided. Migraine Medicines and Drugs Dihydroergotamine Mesylate (Dihydergot, DHE 45). This can be used by the intramuscular or intravenous route. Its effect is less pronounced than ergotamine. Only a small percentage of persons respond to this drug. Medicines and Drugs Used in Parkinson Disease Treatment You only have to see a patient of Parkinson's disease once to be able to make an instantaneous diagnosis of this disease in another. The symptoms are distinct. James Parkinson after whom the disease is named, was the first to give a complete account of this disease in 1817: He described it thus: Drugs Used in Disorders of the Joints During the evolution process the human being evolved from a four-legged to a two legged being. We have to pay a price of it. The entire weight of our body now rests on two legs instead off our and the knees take the weight of the whole body and are more strained. Medicines to be Used in Infective Diarrhea and Severe Diarrhea The drugs in this group are used for overcoming diarrhea due to infection. These include furazolidone, sulfonamides, and antibiotics. Drugs Used in Epileptic Disorders You may have witnessed a typical roadside scene where a person has suddenly fallen down and people have gathered around him, saying that he has had an attack of mirgi (the Hindi name for epilepsy). Epilepsy is characterized by fits with loss or disturbance of consciousness, leading to an inability to maintain posture. Drugs Used in Disorders of the Heart The heart is a unique organ in our body. It pumps blood to all parts of body untiringly and continuously. Do you know how the heart gets its energy? Not from the blood in its cavities but from special blood vessels which penetrate into its muscles and are called coronary arteries. Medicines and Drugs Used in Major Mental Illnesses Treatment Mental illness is one of the most complicated disorders about which very little is known. No one likes to be labelled as mentally sick. In India, mental illness is a stigma, and the relatives of usually try to keep the patient isolated. Medicines to be Used in Mental Depression Treatment Tricyclic antidepressants are commonly used in the treatment of mental depression. The exact mechanism of action is not known. Medicines Used in Migraine Treatment An attack of migraine may last for several hours and varies in severity. In some, attack is mild and required simple pain relievers. Medicines to be Used in Peptic Ulcers India is known for its wide variety of cuisine. A large number of condiments and many varieties of chilies are used to titillate the palate, and so, we often tend to overeat. This gives rise to sour eructations, indigestion, and a stomach upset, and we look for an antacid, to set it right. Drugs and Medicines to be Used in Tuberculosis There are about 8.8 million cases of tuberculosis worldwide, more than 40% of these cases are in South East Asia; India has 53.3% of South East Asian burden. Globally, one person is infected with tubercle bacilli every second. Medicines For Osteoporosis Treatment Bones always imply hardness. What would happen if bones are no longer hard and tough? The term osteoporosis means 'porosity of bones'. Drugs and Medicine Used in Migraine When the first edition of this book was published 26 years ago we thought that in a few years there will be clear cut knowledge on the cause of migraine and specific treatment will be found out. Drugs and Medicine Used in Malaria About two decades ago it was thought that malaria had been eradicated from India. However, recently, there has been a resurgence of this disease. Drugs Used in Mental Depression All of us go through cyclic variations in moods - sometimes happy and cheerful, and at other times, sad and depressed. Do we always need drugs when we are depressed? Drugs and Medicine for Treatment of Diabetes Diabetes or diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition in which there is absolute or a relative lack of insulin in the body. Insulin, a hormone synthesized and secreted by the pancreas, is responsible for controlling the circulating levels of the blood sugar (glucose). Drugs and Medicine for Treatment of Diarrhea Diarrhea may be non-specific as is caused by fear, anxiety or apprehension, and indigestion. People on the move are often afflicted with traveller's diarrhoea due to the change in environment. Specific diarrhea is caused by infection in the intestines, a systemic disease, or by drugs. Drugs and Medicine for Treatment of Constipation Most people are extremely particular about two rituals every morning: defecation and a bath. One of the most important concerns relating to cleansing of the bowels daily is the belief, that all ailments from ague to plague are caused by constipation and if the bowel is not cleansed at least once a day, purgatives are necessary. Drugs and Medicine for Treatment of Asthma The best description of asthma is given in a story of a patient who came to a doctor and gasped. 'Doctor, if you can take my air out, I swear, I will never breathe in again.' During an asthmatic attack there is difficulty in breathing, more especially in breathing air out. Drugs and Medicine for Treatment of High Blood Pressure There were hardly any drugs for the treatment of this condition. It was only in the latter half of the last century, that medical science made rapid advancements, and today drugs allow a hypertensive patient to live a near normal life are available. Drugs and Medicine for Treatment of Sleeplessness Nitrazepam is effective in initiating and maintaining sleep even when used for a prolonged period. It produces sleep like natural sleep, that is, it does not inhibit REM sleep which is a part of natural sleep. Drugs for Treatment of Common Skin Disorders The skin may not appear to be as vital as the heart or the brain, but, nevertheless, a healthy skin is essential for life and a skin disease can make life unbearable. Drugs for Treatment of Fungal Infections Chaya, a young lady, consulted a gynaecologist for a infection in the groin. A corticosteroid ointment (Betnoyate) was prescribed. She did not get any significant relief and returned to hospital after a week. She was asked to continue the same treatment. Medicines For Nausea and Vomiting Nausea is a desire to vomit, which mayor may not culminate in vomiting. Vomiting sometimes serves a useful purpose by getting rid of noxious substances from the stomach, but often leads to troublesome and deleterious consequences. Drugs Used in Diarrhea Diarrhea is one of the great killers of children in India. It is characterized by frequent passage of liquid or semisolid stools and may be accompanied by abdominal (gripping) pain. Drugs Used in Diabetes - Choice of Insulin The choice of an insulin depends upon the condition of the patient. In emergencies such as diabetic coma, crystalline insulin (only soluble insulin) is preferred because of its quick onset of action. It is repeated at 6-hour intervals given intravenously usually, until the situation is under control. Anxiety Medicines - Drugs Used in Anxiety These are tranquillo-sedative drugs which fall into the category of benzodiazepines and have gained tremendous popularity. Since these drugs are known to counteract anxiety and tension, they have been indiscriminately used by both the patients and the physicians. Drugs Used for Overcoming Sleeplessness Sleep, like wakefulness, is a natural phenomenon. Humans spend almost one-third of their lifetime sleeping. During sleep the activity of the brain is altered, but not completely suppressed. It is an accepted fact that periodically the body needs rest. Drugs to Be Avoided During Pregnancy and Breast Feeding Pregnancy is a normal physiological phenomenon in women. It is accompanied by changes in the body giving rise to certain abnormal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and discomfort. Drugs Used in Cough A cough is a sudden expiratory thrust of air from the lungs. It is essentially a protective reflex. Drugs Used in Anxiety First of all, let us understand what we really mean by 'anxiety'. In medical terminology, the meaning of this word is somewhat different from what it is used for in everyday life Drugs Used in Allergy The word 'allergic' is often used loosely and has become almost a part of our general conversation. In a way it has become synonymous with 'dislike'. Asthma Drugs - Medicines Used in Bronchial Asthma Bronchial asthma is characterised by chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes resulting in narrowing of the airways. Any kind of inhaled stimulus, such as air pollutants, strong odours, tobacco smoke, etc can trigger coughing and wheezing.
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